Sustainable Strategy, Risk Management, and Financial Performance of Tourism Operators
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47608/jki.v18i12024.77-94Keywords:
Financial Performance of Tourism Operators, Risk Management, Sustainable StrategyAbstract
The primary purpose of writing this paper is to empirically demonstrate the role of risk management in mediating the relationship between sustainable strategies and the financial performance of tourism operators comprising hotels, homestays, restaurants, and cafes. Researchers distributed a set of questionnaires to tourism operators in Indonesia and obtained two hundred and fifty respondents. Data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Square (SEM PLS). The statistical tool employed is WarpPLS version 7.0. The first finding of the research is that sustainable strategies have a significant positive impact on the sustainable financial performance of tourism operators. Second, a sustainable approach has a significant positive effect on risk management. Third, risk management has a significant positive impact on the sustainable financial performance of tourism operators. The main discovery of this research is that risk management successfully serves as a mediator in the relationship between sustainable strategies and the financial performance of tourism operators.
Downloads
References
Achmad, W., & Yulianah, Y. (2022). Corporate Social Responsibility of the Hospitality Industry in Realizing Sustainable Tourism Development. Enrichment: Journal of Management, 12(2), 1610–1616.
Atz, U., van Holt, T., Douglas, E., & Whelan, T. (2021). The Return on Sustainability Investment (ROSI): Monetizing Financial Benefits of Sustainability Actions in Companies. In R. B. Swain & S. Sweet (Eds.), Sustainable Consumption and Production, Volume II: Circular Economy and Beyond (pp. 303–354). Palgrave Macmillan Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55285-5_14
Bagur-Femenías, L., Martí, J., & Rocafort, A. (2015). Impact of Sustainable Management Policies on Tourism Companies’ Performance: The Case of the Metropolitan Region of Madrid. Current Issues in Tourism, 18(4), 376–390. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2014.932757
Becken, S., & Hughey, K. F. D. (2013). Linking Tourism into Emergency Management Structures to Enhance Disaster Risk Reduction. Tourism Management, 36, 77–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TOURMAN.2012.11.006
Bhatti, M. A., & Nawaz, M. A. (2020). The Impacts of Tourism Risk Management, IT Adoption, Agility and Resilience on the Sustainable Tourism Supply Chain Performance of Maldives’ Tourism Industry. IRASD Journal of Management, 2(2), 100–108. https://doi.org/10.52131/JOM.2020.0202.0020
Claver-Cortés, E., Molina-Azorín, J. F., Pereira-Moliner, J., & López-Gamero, M. D. (2007). Environmental Strategies and Their Impact on Hotel Performance. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15(6), 663–679. https://doi.org/10.2167/JOST640.0
de Grosbois, D. (2016). Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting in the Cruise Tourism Industry: A Performance Evaluation using a New Institutional Theory Based Model. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 24(2), 245–269. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2015.1076827
Domi, S., Keco, R., Capelleras, J.-L., & Mehmeti, G. (2019). Effects of Innovativeness and Innovation Behavior on Tourism SMEs Performance: The Case of Albania. Economics and Sociology, 12(3), 67–85. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2019/12-3/5
Elkhwesky, Z. (2022). A Systematic and Major Review of Proactive Environmental Strategies in Hospitality and Tourism: Looking Back for Moving Forward. Business Strategy and the Environment, 31(7), 3274–3301. https://doi.org/10.1002/BSE.3076
Ellili, N. O. D. (2022). Bibliometric Analysis and Systematic Review of Environmental, Social, and Governance Disclosure Papers: Current Topics and Recommendations for Future Research. Environmental Research Communications, 4(9), 092001. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/AC8B67
Fatina, S., Soesilo, T. E. B., & Tambunan, R. P. (2023). Collaborative Integrated Sustainable Tourism Management Model Using System Dynamics: A Case of Labuan Bajo, Indonesia. Sustainability, 15(15), 11937. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU151511937
Firman, A., Moslehpour, M., Qiu, R., Lin, P.-K., Ismail, T., & Rahman, F. F. (2023). The Impact of Eco-Innovation, Ecotourism Policy and Social Media on Sustainable Tourism Development: Evidence from the Tourism Sector of Indonesia. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 36(2), 2143847. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2022.2143847
Gao, S., Meng, F., Gu, Z., Liu, Z., & Farrukh, M. (2021). Mapping and Clustering Analysis on Environmental, Social and Governance Field a Bibliometric Analysis Using Scopus. Sustainability, 13(13), 7304. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU13137304
González-Rodríguez, M. R., Martín-Samper, R. C., Köseoglu, M. A., & Okumus, F. (2019). Hotels’ Corporate Social Responsibility Practices, Organizational Culture, Firm Reputation, and Performance. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(3), 398–419. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2019.1585441
Hamid, M. A., Isa, S. M., & Kiumarsi, S. (2021). Sustainable Tourism Practices and Business Performance from the Tour Operators’ Perspectives. Anatolia, 32(1), 23–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2020.1830135
Hermawan, Y., Sujarwo, S., & Suryono, Y. (2023). Learning from Goa Pindul: Community Empowerment through Sustainable Tourism Villages in Indonesia. The Qualitative Report, 28(5), 1365–1383. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2023.5865
Kassem, R., & Santamaria, D. (2023). The Impact of Tourist Perception of Fraud Risk on Tourism Planning. In P. F. Xie (Ed.), Handbook on Tourism Planning (pp. 242–254). Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803923598.00020
Kim, S., Lee, G., & Kang, H.-G. (2021). Risk Management and Corporate Social Responsibility. Strategic Management Journal, 42(1), 202–230. https://doi.org/10.1002/SMJ.3224
Kock, N. (2021). WarpPLS User Manual: Version 7.0. ScriptWarp Systems. https://www.scriptwarp.com/warppls/UserManual_v_7_0.pdf
Kuo, Y.-F., Lin, Y.-M., & Chien, H.-F. (2021). Corporate Social Responsibility, Enterprise Risk Management, and Real Earnings Management: Evidence from Managerial Confidence. Finance Research Letters, 41, 101805. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FRL.2020.101805
Li, H., Liu, X., Zhou, H., & Li, Z. (2023). Research Progress and Future Agenda of COVID-19 in Tourism and Hospitality: A Timely Bibliometric Review. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 35(7), 2289–2321. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-04-2022-0424
Luo, W. (2018). Evaluating Tourist Destination Performance: Expanding the Sustainability Concept. Sustainability, 10(2), 516. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU10020516
Ly, T. P., Yi, K. Q., & Fok, H. H. F. (2022). Returning to a Scamming Destination: Insights from Vung Tau, Vietnam. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 8(1), 107–124. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-06-2021-0099
Madanaguli, A., Srivastava, S., Ferraris, A., & Dhir, A. (2022). Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability in the Tourism Sector: A Systematic Literature Review and Future Outlook. Sustainable Development, 30(3), 447–461. https://doi.org/10.1002/SD.2258
Mandal, S., & Dubey, R. K. (2020). Role of Tourism IT Adoption and Risk Management Orientation on Tourism Agility and Resilience: Impact on Sustainable Tourism Supply Chain Performance. International Journal of Tourism Research, 22(6), 800–813. https://doi.org/10.1002/JTR.2381
Nugroho, L. D., Melati, S. R., Wahyuliana, I., Pawestri, A., & Kurniawan, L. F. (2023). Legal Policy of Implementation Green Economy in the Tourism Sector to Realize Sustainable Tourism and Environment. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1181(1), 012018. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1181/1/012018
Ooi, C.-A., Hooy, C.-W., & Mat Som, A. P. (2015). Diversity in Human and Social Capital: Empirical Evidence from Asian Tourism Firms in Corporate Board Composition. Tourism Management, 48, 139–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TOURMAN.2014.11.002
Oulasvirta, L., & Anttiroiko, A.-V. (2017). Adoption of Comprehensive Risk Management in Local Government. Local Government Studies, 43(3), 451–474. https://doi.org/10.1080/03003930.2017.1294071
Ouyang, Z., Gong, X., & Yan, J. (2020). Spill-Over Effects of a Hotel Scam: How Public Perception Influence Communicative Actions in Social Media in China. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(23), 2986–3000. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1800603
Pan, S.-Y., Gao, M., Kim, H., Shah, K. J., Pei, S.-L., & Chiang, P.-C. (2018). Advances and Challenges in Sustainable Tourism Toward a Green Economy. Science of The Total Environment, 635, 452–469. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2018.04.134
Pearce, P. L. (2011). Tourist Scams: Exploring the Dimensions of an International Tourism Phenomenon. European Journal of Tourism Research, 4(2), 147–156. https://doi.org/10.54055/EJTR.V4I2.71
Pulido-Fernández, J. I., Andrades-Caldito, L., & Sánchez-Rivero, M. (2015). Is Sustainable Tourism an Obstacle to the Economic Performance of the Tourism Industry? Evidence from an International Empirical Study. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(1), 47–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2014.909447
Roe, P., Hrymak, V., & Dimanche, F. (2014). Assessing Environmental Sustainability in Tourism and Recreation Areas: A Risk-Assessment-Based Model. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 22(2), 319–338. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2013.815762
Roxas, F. M. Y., Rivera, J. P. R., & Gutierrez, E. L. M. (2020). Mapping Stakeholders’ Roles in Governing Sustainable Tourism Destinations. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 45, 387–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JHTM.2020.09.005
Sainaghi, R., Phillips, P., & Zavarrone, E. (2017). Performance Measurement in Tourism Firms: A Content Analytical Meta-Approach. Tourism Management, 59, 36–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TOURMAN.2016.07.002
Schulte, J., & Knuts, S. (2022). Sustainability Impact and Effects Analysis - A Risk Management Tool for Sustainable Product Development. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 30, 737–751. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SPC.2022.01.004
Senadheera, S. S., Gregory, R., Rinklebe, J., Farrukh, M., Rhee, J. H., & Ok, Y. S. (2022). The Development of Research on Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG): A Bibliometric Analysis. Sustainable Environment, 8(1), 2125869. https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2022.2125869
Sunarti, N., Kurniawan, P. S., Sujana, E., & Yasa, I. N. P. (2020). Fraud Risk Management: An Anti-Fraud Model for Tourist Accommodation in Bali. Asia Pacific Fraud Journal, 5(1), 137–146. https://doi.org/10.21532/APFJOURNAL.V5I1.144
Tan, S.-H., Habibullah, M. S., Tan, S.-K., & Choon, S.-W. (2017). The Impact of the Dimensions of Environmental Performance on Firm Performance in Travel and Tourism Industry. Journal of Environmental Management, 203, 603–611. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2017.02.029
Tarantino, A. (Ed.). (2008). Governance, Risk, and Compliance Handbook: Technology, Finance, Environmental, and International Guidance and Best Practices. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118269213
Tarjo, T., Anggono, A., Sakti, E., Zakik, Z., Syarif, M., Safkaur, O., & Said, J. (2023). Explore the Potential for Tourist Scams in Indonesia. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 14(2), 362–368. https://doi.org/10.14505/JEMT.V14.2(66).06
Tarjo, T., Anggono, A., Yuliana, R., Prasetyono, P., Syarif, M., Wildan, M. A., & Kusufi, M. S. (2022). Corporate Social Responsibility, Financial Fraud, and Firm’s Value in Indonesia and Malaysia. Heliyon, 8(12), e11907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11907
Theodoulidis, B., Diaz, D., Crotto, F., & Rancati, E. (2017). Exploring Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance through Stakeholder Theory in the Tourism Industries. Tourism Management, 62, 173–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TOURMAN.2017.03.018
Torres-Delgado, A., Palomeque, F. L., Sanz, B. E., & Urgell, X. F. (2023). Monitoring Sustainable Management in Local Tourist Destinations: Performance, Drivers and Barriers. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 31(7), 1672–1693. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1937190
UNWTO. (2022). Measuring the Sustainability of Tourism – Learning from Pilots.
UNWTO. (2023a). Statistical Framework for Measuring the Sustainability of Tourism (SF-MST): Consultation Draft (December 2022). https://webunwto.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2023-04/SF_MST_draft.pdf
UNWTO. (2023b). The End of COVID-19-Related Travel Restrictions – Summary of Findings from the COVID-19-Related Travel Restrictions Reports. World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284424320
Utami, D. D., Dhewanto, W., & Lestari, Y. D. (2023). Rural Tourism Entrepreneurship Success Factors for Sustainable Tourism Village: Evidence from Indonesia. Cogent Business & Management, 10(1), 2180845. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2180845
Uyar, A., Kilic, M., Koseoglu, M. A., Kuzey, C., & Karaman, A. S. (2020). The Link Among Board Characteristics, Corporate Social Responsibility Performance, and Financial Performance: Evidence from the Hospitality and Tourism Industry. Tourism Management Perspectives, 35, 100714. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TMP.2020.100714
Vishwanathan, P., van Oosterhout, H., Heugens, P. P. M. A. R., Duran, P., & van Essen, M. (2020). Strategic CSR: A Concept Building Meta-Analysis. Journal of Management Studies, 57(2), 314–350. https://doi.org/10.1111/JOMS.12514
Wan, G., Dawod, A. Y., Chanaim, S., & Ramasamy, S. S. (2023). Hotspots and Trends of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Research: A Bibliometric Analysis. Data Science and Management, 6(2), 65–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.DSM.2023.03.001
Whelan, T., Atz, U., & Clark, C. (2021). ESG and Financial Performance: Uncovering the Relationship by Aggregating Evidence from 1,000 Plus Studies between 2015-2020. https://www.stern.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/assets/documents/NYU-RAM_ESG-Paper_2021.pdf
Xu, D., Murphy, L., Chen, T., & Pearce, P. L. (2022). Differentiating Tourist Scam Cases: Towards a Taxonomy of Deceptive Schemes. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 50, 159–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JHTM.2022.01.011
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Tarjo Tarjo, Alexander Anggono, Jamaliah Said, Abdul Halim, Eklamsia Sakti

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.









