Green Tourism In Historical Settings: Implementation Strategies And Tourist Responses In Kota Tua Jakarta

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47608/jki.v19i22025.201-220

Keywords:

green practices, green tourism implementation, historical heritage, sustainable tourism, tourist satisfaction

Abstract

This study examines the implementation of green tourism in Kota Tua, Jakarta, within a historical heritage context and evaluates tourist responses related to satisfaction and environmentally responsible behavior. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates interviews with destination managers and survey data from 101 visitors to triangulate findings. The study investigates how green tourism practices are adopted at the destination and how these practices influence tourist satisfaction and environmentally responsible behavior. The findings reveal progress in infrastructure revitalization, low-emission zones, and green transportation initiatives, while also identifying gaps in renewable energy use, technological integration, and community engagement. Younger and more educated tourists exhibit higher awareness of and satisfaction with the destination’s green initiatives. Policy implications underscore the need for stronger community participation, targeted investment in green technologies, and more visible communication of sustainability efforts to enhance visitor experience and support long-term heritage conservation. In other words, these findings provide practical insights for destination administrators, emphasizing the need for targeted policies, investment in green technologies, and improved stakeholder collaboration. Overall, this research offers strategic insights for managing environmentally sustainable heritage tourism destinations and aligning them with tourists’ expectations for a sustainable experience, thereby contributing to the development of green tourism policies in Indonesia.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Nova Eviana, Universitas Asa Indonesia, Indonesia

Nova Eviana is a permanent lecturer at the D3 Travel Operation Study Program at Universitas Asa Indonesia, Jakarta. She holds a Master’s degree in Education from Jakarta State University. Her research interests focus on the development of measurement instruments and the advancement of tourism destinations, in alignment with the applied focus of her current academic program.

Revalino T. Hasudungan, Universitas Asa Indonesia, Indonesia

Mr. Revalino is a licensed tourist guide and the Head of the D3 Travel Operation Study Program at Universitas Asa Indonesia, Jakarta.

Maeenuddin, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia

Dr. Maeenuddin is a Lecturer Finance & Accounting at Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), Malaysia. He holds a PhD in Finance from Putra Business School (PBS), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), along with MSBA (with Distinction) and MBA degrees. Previously, he served as Head of Accounts & Finance at Ali Mousa Holding Group Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. With over 15 years of industry experience and 3+ years in academia, his research focuses on financial performance and sustainability of financial and non-financial institutions.

 

References

Amoiradis, C., Velissariou, E., & Poulios, T. (2023). Overview of Sustainable Development and Promotion in Tourism. Journal of Economics and Business, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1992.06.03.516

Arnstein, S. R. (2017). A ladder of citizen participation. Foundations of the Planning Enterprise: Critical Essays in Planning Theory: Volume 1, November 2012, 415–423. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315255101-34

Attia, M., Alade, T., & Attia, S. (2023). The Influence of Passenger Car Banning Policies on Modal Shifts: Rotterdam’s Case Study. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(9), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097443

Azam, M., Sarker, T., & Kaur, H. (2010). Green tourism in the context of climate change towards sustainable economic development in the South Asian region. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, May.

Bausch, T., Schröder, T., Tauber, V., & Lane, B. (2021). Sustainable tourism: The elephant in the room. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158376

Bendor, R., Maggs, D., Peake, R., Robinson, J., & Williams, S. (2017). The imaginary worlds of sustainability: Observations from an interactive art installation. Ecology and Society, 22(2). https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-09240-220217

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2012). Thematic Analysis. In APA handbook of research methods in psychology, Vol. 2: Research designs: Quantitative, qualitative, neuropsychological, and biological (pp. 57–71). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Chili, N. S., & Xulu, N. (2015). The role of local government to facilitate and spearhead sustainable tourism development. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 13(4), 27–31.

Chong, K. L. (2020). The side effects of mass tourism: the voices of Bali islanders. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 25(2), 157–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2019.1683591

Chong, K. Y., & Balasingam, A. S. (2019). Tourism sustainability: economic benefits and strategies for preservation and conservation of heritage sitesin Southeast Asia. Tourism Review, 74(2), 281–292. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-11-2017-0182

Dodds, R., & Joppe, M. (2001). Promoting urban green tourism: The development of the other map of Toronto. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 7(3), 261–267. https://doi.org/10.1177/135676670100700306

Escobar, A. L., López, R. R., Pérez-Priego, M., & García, M. de los B. G. M. (2020). Perception, motivation, and satisfaction of female tourists with their visit to the city of Cordoba (Spain). Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187595

Eyisi, A., Lee, D., & Trees, K. (2021). Facilitating collaboration and community participation in tourism development: The case of South-Eastern Nigeria. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 21(3), 275–288. https://doi.org/10.1177/1467358420966035

Frent, C. (2016). An Overview on The Negative Impacts of Tourism. Journal of Tourism - Ttudies and Reserach in Tourism, 22, 32–37.

Furqan, A., Matsom, A. P., & Hussin, R. (2010). Promoting Green tourism for future sustainability. Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management, 8(8), 64–74.

Gonçalves, E. C. C., Guerra, R. J. da C., & Figueiredo, V. M. P. de. (2023). Green Tourism and Sustainability: The Paiva Walkways Case in the Post-Pandemic Period (Portugal). Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(18), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813969

Hadi, P., & Johan, A. (2023). Greening the tourist: Analyzing the drivers of environmentally responsible behavior. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 21(3), 704–717.

Hair Jr., J. F., Anderson, R. E., Babin, B. J., & Black, W. C. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis, Multivariate Data Analysis. In Book (Vol. 87, Issue 4). www.cengage.com/highered

Han, H. (2021). Consumer behavior and environmental sustainability in tourism and hospitality: a review of theories, concepts, and latest research. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(7), 1021–1042. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1903019

Hasan, A. (2014). Green Tourism. Jurnal Media Wisata, 12(1), 1–15.

Heriyanto. (2018). Thematic Analysis sebagai Metode Menganalisa Data untuk Penelitian Kualitatif. Anuva, 2(3), 317. https://doi.org/10.14710/anuva.2.3.317-324

Hristov, M., Hristić, N. D., & Stefanović, N. (2021). Impact of overtourism on urban life. Spatium, 45, 59–66. https://doi.org/10.2298/SPAT2145059H

https://wttc.org. (2024).

Ibnou-Laaroussi, S., Rjoub, H., & Wong, W. K. (2020). Sustainability of green tourism among international tourists and its influence on the achievement of green environment: Evidence from North Cyprus. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(14), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145698

ITDP. (2022). Dokumentasi dan Rekomendasi LEZ Kota Tua Jakarta. In Transport Policy and Development Associate ITDP Indonesia.

Kearney, A. (1994). Green tourism development in Scotland. Annals of Tourism Research, 21(1), 153–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(94)90014-0

Kim, S.-H., Lee, K., & Fairhurst, A. (2017). The review of “green” research in hospitality, 2000-2014 Current trends and future reserach directions. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(1), 226–247. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-11-2014-0562

Krittayaruangroj, K., Suriyankietkaew, S., & Hallinger, P. (2023). Research on sustainability in community-based tourism: a bibliometric review and future directions. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 28(9), 1031–1051. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2023.2276477

Kuvan, Y. (2012). Assessing the impacts of tourism on forests: Mass tourism and policy in Turkey. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, 11(8), 1415–1424. https://doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2012.176

Lebrusán, I., & Toutouh, J. (2020). Using smart city tools to evaluate the effectiveness of a low emissions zone in Spain: Madrid central. Smart Cities, 3(2), 7–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities3020025

Mai, N. T. T., Tran Phuong Mai, & Nguyen Thi Thu Trang. (2023). Community Participation and Sustainable Tourism : A Government-Guided Participation to Heritage Tourism in Trang. Journal of Management and Development Studies, 11(2), 61–73.

Mayuzumi, Y. (2022). Is meeting the needs of tourists through ethnic tourism sustainable? Focus on Bali, Indonesia. Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, 6(1), 423–451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41685-021-00198-4

Moise, M. S., Gil-Saura, I., & Ruiz-Molina, M. E. (2018). Effects of green practices on guest satisfaction and loyalty. European Journal of Tourism Research, 20, 92–104. https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v20i.342

Mtapuri, O., Camilleri, M. A., & Dłużewska, A. (2022). Advancing community-based tourism approaches for the sustainable development of destinations. Sustainable Development, 30(3), 423–432. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2257

Myeong, S., Kim, Y., & Ahn, M. J. (2021). Smart city strategies—Technology push or culture pull? A case study exploration of gimpo and Namyangju, South Korea. Smart Cities, 4(1), 41–53. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities4010003

Nematpour, M., Khodadadi, M., Makian, S., & Ghaffari, M. (2024). Developing a Competitive and Sustainable Model for the Future of a Destination: Iran’s Tourism Competitiveness. International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Administration, 25(1), 92–124. https://doi.org/10.1080/15256480.2022.2081279

Novianti, E., Larasati, A. R., Asy’ari, R., Pribadi, T. I., Sariadi, S., Hadian, M. S. D., & Wulung, S. R. P. (2020). Pariwisata Berbasis Alam: Memahami Perilaku Wisatawan. Jurnal Kepariwisataan Indonesia : Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Kepariwisataan Indonesia, 14(1), 46–52. https://doi.org/10.47608/jki.v14i12020.46-52

Nugraheni, I. A. P., Nugraha, B. S., Yuda, N. P., & Pancawati, N. (2019). Persepsi Generasi Milenial Indonesia Terhadap Pariwisata Yang Berkelanjutan. Jurnal Kepariwisataan, 13(1), 69–82.

Nugteren, B. (2020). Universal, colonial, or Indonesian heritage? A multi-scalar approach to the historical representations and management of colonial heritage in the Old Town of Jakarta (Kota Tua) during its bid for World Heritage nomination in 2015–2018. International Journal of Cultural Policy, 26(6), 840–853. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2020.1811248

Özdemir Uçgun, G., & Narcı, M. (2022). The Role of Demographic Factors in Tourists’ Sustainability Consciousness, Sustainable Tourism Awareness and Purchasing Behavior. Journal of Tourismology. https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2022.8.2.1102495

Pekovic, S. (2021). Green pull motives and overall tourist satisfaction: a macro- and micro-levels analysis. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(4), 1368–1390. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-06-2020-0609

Permenparekraf RI Nomor 12 Tahun 2020 (2020).

Ramazanova, M. (2020). Tourism and water resources: Interrelationships and consequences. the case of kazakhstan. European Journal of Tourism Research, 26, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v26i.1942

Richards, K. A. R., & Hemphill, M. A. (2018). A practical guide to collaborative qualitative data analysis. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 37(2), 225–231.

Rizki, M., Irawan, M. Z., Dirgahayani, P., Belgiawan, P. F., & Wihanesta, R. (2022). Low Emission Zone (LEZ) Expansion in Jakarta: Acceptability and Restriction Preference. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(19), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912334

Roxas, F. M. Y., Rivera, J. P. R., & Gutierrez, E. L. M. (2020). Framework for creating sustainable tourism using systems thinking. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(3), 280–296. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2018.1534805

Santosa, E. B., Dinan, R., & Lion, J. C. L. (2023). Socio-cultural transformation aspects of the local sustainability from a traditional community in the protected area. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1218(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1218/1/012006

Sharpley, R. (2020). Tourism, sustainable development and the theoretical divide: 20 years on. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(11), 1932–1946. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1779732

Shinde, K. (2025). Regional Diversity of Buddhist Heritage Tourism in South Asia and Southeast Asia. Heritage, 8.

Skarakis, N., Skiniti, G., Tournaki, S., & Tsoutsos, T. (2023). Necessity to Assess the Sustainability of Sensitive Ecosystems: A Comprehensive Review of Tourism Pressures and the Travel Cost Method. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/su151512064

Su, M. M., & Wall, G. (2014). Community participation in tourism at a world heritage site: Mutianyu great wall, Beijing, China. International Journal of Tourism Research, 16(2), 146–156. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.1909

Sugihharto, R., Bagdja, A., Munizu, M., Nohong, M., & Hamid, N. (2024). Development of sustainable tourism in Indonesia : Applying the extended theory of planned behavior to encourage eco-friendly practices among tourists. 8(14), 1–26.

Tarriño-Ortiz, J., Gómez, J., Soria-Lara, J. A., & Vassallo, J. M. (2022). Analyzing the impact of Low Emission Zones on modal shift. Sustainable Cities and Society, 77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.103562

Thullah, A., & Abdulai Jalloh, S. (2021). A Review of the Economic, Social and Environmental Impacts of Tourism Development. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Business, 7(2), 39. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtab.20210702.12

Tiwari, S., Rosak‐Szyrocka, J., & Żywiołek, J. (2022). Internet of Things as a Sustainable Energy Management Solution at Tourism Destinations in India. Energies, 15(7), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15072433

UNEP. (2020). International Environmental Technology Centre 2020 Annual Report.

UNESCO. (2021). World Heritage and Sustainable Tourism Programme: Guidelines for Stakeholders. https://whc.unesco.org/en/tourism/

UNESCO. (2023). Culture|2030 Indicators: Measuring Culture’s Contribution to the SDGs. https://whc.unesco.org/en/culture2030indicators/

UNWTO. (2022). Baseline Report on Climate Action in Tourism. In Baseline Report on Climate Action in Tourism. https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284423965

Usman, O., Elsalih, O., & Koshadh, O. (2020). Environmental performance and tourism development in EU-28 Countries: the role of institutional quality. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(17), 2103–2108. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2019.1635092

Yfantidou, G., & Matarazzo, M. (2017). The Future of Sustainable Tourism in Developing Countries. Sustainable Development, 25(6), 459–466. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.1655

Yulianty, J. (2022). Model ‘Planned Behavior’ Wisatawan Milenial Dalam Mengunjungi Destinasi Di Indonesia. Journey : Journal of Tourismpreneurship, Culinary, Hospitality, Convention and Event Management, 5(1), 77–86. https://doi.org/10.46837/journey.v5i1.101

Zeinali, B., Jafarpour, M., & Hessam, A. (2014). Tourists ’ Satisfaction with Shopping Experience : A Socio-Demograhic Analysis. 4(6), 67–85.

Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., Ye, Y., Wu, Q., Jin, L., & Zhang, H. (2016). Residents’ environmental conservation behaviors at tourist sites: Broadening the norm activation framework by adopting environment attachment. Sustainability (Switzerland), 8(6), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8060571

Downloads

Published

2025-12-05

How to Cite

Eviana, N., Yusrini, L., Hasudungan, R. T., & Maeenuddin. (2025). Green Tourism In Historical Settings: Implementation Strategies And Tourist Responses In Kota Tua Jakarta. Jurnal Kepariwisataan Indonesia: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Kepariwisataan Indonesia, 19(2), 201–220. https://doi.org/10.47608/jki.v19i22025.201-220